Kutheni iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya zibalulekile kwizithuthi ezithwala iinkukhu
1. Ukulwa Nombulali Ongabonakaliyo: Ukuthintela Uxinzelelo Lobushushu kunye neHyperthermia
(Umfanekiso: Ikhamera enemifanekiso yobushushu ebonisa ukwakheka kobushushu okuyingozi (iindawo ezibomvu/ezimthubi) ngaphakathi kwecandelo letreyila yenkukhu engenamoya uneleyo, xa kuthelekiswa neendawo ezipholileyo (eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka/eziluhlaza) kufutshane neengxobo zomoya ezisebenzayo.)
Iinkukhu zisengozini enkulu yoxinzelelo lobushushu ngenxa yeentsiba zazo, isantya esiphezulu semetabolism, kunye nokukwazi ukubila okuncinci. Ngaphakathi kwitreyila engashukumiyo okanye ehambayo, ubushushu bomzimba, imitha yelanga, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu obujikelezayo kudibana ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle kotshintshiselwano lomoya oluqhubekayo nolusebenzayo:
Ukuqokelelana kobushushu kuyakhawuleza:Ubushushu bomzimba obuvela kumakhulu okanye amawaka eentaka bukhawuleza bugqithise indawo evalekileyo. Amaqondo obushushu anokunyuka ngama-10-20°F (5-11°C) ngaphezu kwemozulu ngemizuzu embalwa, ingakumbi xa zimi okanye zithe chu.
Iziphumo zinzima kwaye ziyakhawuleza:Iintaka ziphefumla kakhulu, zivule amaphiko, zinciphisa umsebenzi, kwaye ziqokelelana kude nemithombo yobushushu (zihlala ziqokelelana kwaye zifuthaniseleka). Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kukhokelela kwi-hyperthermia (ubushushu bomzimba obuphezulu), ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba, kunye nokufa. Amanani okufa anyuka kakhulu ngexesha lokuhamba ngemozulu eshushu, nokuba kuhambo olufutshane.
Umoya ongenisayo yeyona ndlela iphambili yokuzikhusela:Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya eyilwe kakuhle isusa ngokukhutheleyo obu bushushu buqokeleleneyo.Umoya ohambayo udala umoya obandayo,ukwandisa kakhulu indlela iintaka ezibona ngayo ukupholisa.Utshintshiselwano lomoya luthatha indawo yomoya oshushu, ogcweleyo ngaphakathi ngomoya opholileyo nowomileyo ngaphandle.Umoya ongeniswa ngoomatshini (iifeni) udla ngokuba yimfuneko ngaphaya kweendawo zokungenisa umoya ezisisiseko kwiindawo ezishushu okanye kwiitreyila ezixineneyo. Umoya ongeniswayo ngokufanelekileyo ususa ubushushu ngaphambi kokuba bubulale.
2. Ukucoca Umoya: Ukususa iigesi ezibulalayo, ukufuma, kunye nothuli
(Umfanekiso: Iinkcukacha ezikufutshane ngaphakathi kwitreyila: Ukufuma okuxineneyo eludongeni kufutshane nomoya ovalekileyo, ukuqokelelwa kothuli/i-dander okubonakalayo phezu komhlaba, kunye nomzobo obonisa ukwakheka kwe-ammonia (NH3) kwi-moss.)
Umoya ongaphakathi kwitreyila yenkukhu ethweleyo ungcoliswa ngokukhawuleza. Umoya osebenzayo ubalulekile ekususeni ezi ngozi zingabonakaliyo:
I-Ammonia (NH3):I-ammonia, eveliswa ngokukhawuleza ngumgquba omtsha nomchamo, ibangela ukucaphuka okukhulu. Amanqanaba aphezulu abangela oku:
Umonakalo wokuphefumla:Amehlo atshayo, imingxunya yempumlo, i-trachea, kunye neengxowa zomoya, nto leyo ebeka iintaka esichengeni sokufumana izifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-CRD.
Ukungakhuseleki komzimba okucinezelweyo:Ukuvezwa yi-ammonia engapheliyo kwenza amajoni omzimba eentaka angasebenzi kakuhle.
Intlungu Nokubandezeleka:Iintaka ziyakuphepha ukulala phantsi, zibonisa ukungcangcazela kweentloko, kwaye zibonisa iimpawu ezicacileyo zoxinzelelo.
I-Carbon Dioxide (CO2) kunye ne-Carbon Monoxide (CO2):I-CO2 iqokelelana ngokuphefumla kweentaka kwaye inokufikelela kumanqanaba okufunxa ngaphandle kokutshintshiselana. I-CO2, umbulali ongathethiyo, inokuvela kwiinkqubo zokukhupha umoya ezingasebenzi kakuhle kufutshane neendawo zokungenisa umoya.
Ukufuma Okugqithisileyo (Ukufuma):Ukuphefumla kunye nomgquba kukhupha umphunga wamanzi omninzi. Umswakama ophezulu:
Iphazamisa ukupholisa kwendalo kweentaka ngokuphefumla (umoya omanzi ugcina ubushushu obuncinci).
Idala ukungcola/iindawo zokulala ezimanzi, ipholisa iintaka kwaye ikhuthaza ukukhula kwezifo kunye neengxaki zeenyawo.
Ibangela ukufuma eludongeni/kwiisilingi, okuthi kuthontsizele iintaka.
Uthuli kunye neDander:Iintsiba, iiseli zolusu, kunye nomgquba owomileyo zenza uthuli oluhamba emoyeni. Oku:
Ithwala iintsholongwane (iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi).
Ivala iinkqubo zokuphefumla zeentaka.
Kunciphisa ukubonakala kunye nomgangatho womoya kubaqhubi abajonga iintaka.
Zingazivala iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya ngokwazo.
Umoya ongenisayo uyawunciphisa kwaye uwususe lo mdaka,ukutshintsha umoya ongcolileyo ngeoksijini entsha, ukukhusela impilo yokuphefumla, kunye nokuthintela imeko-bume enobuthi.
3. Ukugcina Ubunye kunye neNtlalontle: Ukuphepha iiMicroclimates ezibulalayo
(Umfanekiso: Umzobo okanye ifoto ebonisa iipatheni zokuhamba komoya ngaphakathi kwitreyila enomoya ococekileyo, ebonisa ukuhamba komoya rhoqo ukusuka kwiindawo zokungena ukuya kwiindawo zokuphuma, ukuphepha iindawo ezifileyo. Thelekisa netreyila engashukumiyo.)
Itreyila ayilobhokisi efanayo. Ngaphandle koyilo olufanelekileyo lokuhamba komoya kunye nomthamo owaneleyo wokungenisa umoya, iimozulu ezincinci eziyingozi ziyavela:
Iindawo Ezifileyo/Iipokotho Zomoya Ezingashukumiyo:Iindawo ezingenamoya ungako okanye ezingenawo umoya (ngokuqhelekileyo iikona, iziphelo, okanye iindawo eziphakathi kuxhomekeke kuyilo) ziba yimigibe yobushushu, ukufuma, i-ammonia, kunye ne-CO2. Iintaka kwezi ndawo zihlupheka ngokungalinganiyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni okuphezulu kunye nokwehla kwezi ndawo zithile.
Iidrafti:Nangona ukuhamba komoya kulungile, ukuphola okugqithisileyo, ngokuthe ngqo, nokubanda (ingakumbi kwimozulu epholileyo) kunokubangela ukubanda, ukuxinana, ukunqwabelana, kunye noxinzelelo. Uyilo olufanelekileyo lomoya lusebenzisa ama-baffles okanye iindawo zokungena ezibekwe ngendlela efanelekileyo ukusasaza umoya kunye nokuthintela ukuphola okuyingozi ngqo kwiintaka.
Iigradient zobushushu kunye nokufuma:Umahluko omkhulu kubushushu okanye ukufuma unokubakho ukusuka phambili ukuya ngasemva, phezulu ukuya ezantsi, okanye ecaleni ukuya kwelinye. Iintaka ziya ngokuya kwiindawo ezibonakala zikhululekile, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuxinaneni kwezinye iindawo kunye nokuzahlula okuyingozi kwezinye.
Umoya ongenisayo uqinisekisa ukufana:Umthamo owaneleyo wokutshintshiselana komoya kunyeiipateni zomoya eziyilwe kakuhleiqinisekisa ukuba okusingqongileyo kuyafana kangangoko kunokwenzeka kulo lonke umthwalo. Oku kuthetha ukuba:
Ukusasazwa kobushushu obulinganayo.
Ukususwa kweegesi kunye nokufuma ngokufanayo.
Ukuthintela iindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu okanye iipokotho ezine-ammonia eninzi.
Uxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo oluvela kumoya ovuthuzayo okanye umoya omileyo. Iintaka zonke ziyazuza kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nezinzileyo.
4. Ngaphaya Kokusinda: Ukukhusela Ukusebenza, Intlalontle, kunye noMgangatho Wezidumbu
(Umfanekiso: Iintaka ziphumle ngokuzolileyo phezu kweebhedi ezicocekileyo nezomileyo kwindawo enetreyila enomoya ofanelekileyo ngexesha lokuthuthwa xa kuthelekiswa neentaka ezixinezelekileyo, ezikhefuzelayo kwindawo engenamoya ofanelekileyo.)
Impembelelo yomoya osebenzayo idlulela ngaphaya kokuthintela ukufa kwangoko. Ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo impilo-ntle yeentaka, ukubuyiselwa kwemizimba yazo, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela:
Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye neNtlalo-ntle ephuculweyo:Iintaka ezifumana intuthuzelo yobushushu nomoya ococekileyo azibonisi xinzelelo luninzi. Zizolile, azinakwenzeka ukuba zixhalabe okanye ziqokelelene, kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluvela kwizithuthi. Olu luxanduva olusisiseko lokuziphatha.
Umsebenzi Wokuzikhusela Ogciniweyo:Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye nokuvezwa kumanqanaba aphezulu e-ammonia/uthuli kunceda ukugcina amandla omzimba eentaka. Oku kunciphisa ukuchaphazeleka zizifo ezinobungozi ngexesha nasemva kokuthuthwa, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni iintaka ezisempilweni zingene kwinkqubo.
Umgangatho weNyama oGciniweyo:Iintaka ezixinezelekileyo kubushushu zisebenzisa i-glycogen reserves ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-pH ephezulu yemisipha emva kokufa. Oku kuphumela koku:
Inyama ekhanyayo, ethambileyo, ephumayo (PSE):Umbala ongwevu ongathandekiyo, ubume obuthambileyo, kunye nokulahleka okukhulu kwe-drip - iziphene ezinkulu zomgangatho kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.
Ixesha Elinciphileyo Lokuhlala Eshelufini.
Umoya owaneleyo unceda iintaka zigcine amandla azo agciniweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwehleni kwe-pH emva kokufa kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, inyama exabisekileyo.
Ukuncipha Kokufa Nokugwetywa:Ithintela ngokuthe ngqo ukufa ngenxa ye-hyperthermia kunye nokufuthaniseka. Ngokungathanga ngqo inciphisa ukufa ngenxa yokuxinana (ukugcwala) kunye nosulelo lwesibini oluya luba mandundu ngenxa yomgangatho womoya ophantsi. Ikwanciphisa ukugxekwa okubangelwa yi-septicemia/toxemia edla ngokunxulunyaniswa noxinzelelo lobushushu.
Utshintsho oluphuculweyo lokutya (kubalimi/ama-pullet):Iintaka eziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu ngexesha lokuthuthwa zithatha ixesha elide ukuba zibuyele esimeni sazo kwaye ziphinde zikhule kakuhle kwaye zitye ukutya kwazo. Umoya osebenzayo uyayinciphisa le ngxaki.
Isiphelo:
Inkqubo yokungenisa umoya kwisithuthi sokuthutha iinkukhu ayisiyonto ibalulekileyo nje; sisakhiwo esibalulekileyo esinoxanduva lokugcina ubomi, impilo-ntle, kunye nexabiso lemveliso. Lukhuselo oluphambili kwiingxaki ezintathu ezibulalayo zoxinzelelo lobushushu, iigesi ezifunxayo, kunye nothuli olubangela izifo. Ukutyala imali kumoya oqinileyo noyilwe kakuhle - okubandakanya ii-vents ezaneleyo, ezihlala zincediswa ziifeni ezinamandla nezithembekileyo zoomatshini kunye nolawulo lomoya olukrelekrele - akunakuxoxiswana ngazo ekuthuthweni kweenkukhu okunoxanduva. Ithetha ngokuthe ngqo ukuba iintaka ezifileyo zimbalwa, ukugxekwa okuncitshisiweyo, umgangatho ophezulu wenyama, ukuthobela intlalo-ntle okuphuculweyo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo nokunenzuzo. Musa ukuvumela iintaka zakho zihambe kwibhokisi ethule, efunxayo. Beka umoya phambili - qinisekisa ukuba yonke imiphefumlo eziyithathayo kuhambo linyathelo eliya ekufikeni ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nemveliso esemgangathweni. Funa iitreyila ezenzelwe ukuphefumla. Iintaka zakho, umgangatho wakho, kunye nodumo lwakho zixhomekeke kuyo.